Perspect. 2014 De novo transcriptome analysis of an imminent biofuel crop, Camelina sativa L. using Illumina GAIIX sequencing platform and identification of SSR markers Plant Mol. Moreover, the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- were rescued by acer truncatum seed oil administration. 2003 Study on the physico-chemical properties and fatty acid composition of Acer truncatum Buge oil China Oils Fats 28 66 67 (in Chinese), doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1003-7969.2003.03.021, Liu, Y.L., Huang, Z.D., Ao, Y., Li, W. & Zhang, Z.X. TL performed the behavioral tests. A total of 129.56 Gb of data with an average of 49,335,115 raw sequencing reads and 47,987,471 clean reads per sample were obtained after the removal of poly-N sequences and low-quality reads. 2019 Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an efficient mechanism for -linolenic acid synthesis in tree peony seeds Intl. 
Order) Previous studies have reported that members of the FAD family have important roles in the biosynthesis of linoleic acid and linolenic acid (Alotaibi et al., 2020; Liao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019). Plant 9 1667 1670 doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.014. Cycle. ACS Chem. 
Therefore, we analyzed the phosphorylation level of TrkB, ERK, and AKT (p-TrkB, p-ERK, and p-AKT), and found that p-TrkB, p-ERK, and p-AKT levels remarkably decreased in the hippocampus of aging control, but the oil administration reversed the decline of these phosphorylated proteins (Figures 4A,CE). The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Ma et al., 2019). Docosahexaenoic acid dietary supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. (301) 384-6300 To investigate the effects of acer truncatum seed oil on cognitive deficits of aging mice, MWM test was used. Rev. Recently, A. truncatum has emerged as an oil crop. (2020). The main ingredients of acer truncatum seed oil were listed in Table 1, which included eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, -linolenic acid and vitamin E, which all reported to benefit for the cognition. ), oxidative stress (Caveolin-1 and Nqo1), inflammation (Kng1, STAT1, Plg, and Vtdb, etc. Mol. Soc. Putative fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes identified in Acer truncatum seeds. Commun. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.061, Wu, R., Zhong, S., Ni, M., Zhu, X., Chen, Y., Chen, X., et al. The results showed that their expression tendencies were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Interestingly, in 115 vs. 85 DAF comparisons, 15 and 4 DEGs were significantly enriched in -linolenic acid and the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, respectively. Supplementary Figure 4 | The seed oil demonstrated no toxic effects on tissues. doi: 10.1038/nrd4024, Lopez-Otin, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., and Kroemer, G. (2013). WebBotanical Name: Acer truncatum. A review on neuropharmacological role of erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid from edible oils. The groups of FAD proteins are designated according to Dong et al. Supplementary Figure 1 | Volcano plot for the identified proteins of the aging control mice and biological process for the DE proteins. 1, no UFAs were detected at 70 DAF. However, the expressions of the two homologous LEC1 genes differed greatly. 
Ther. 88 95 107 doi: 10.1111/tpj.13233, Zhao, W.H., Zhang, J.F., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y.X. Next, a series of condensation reactions involving malonyl-ACP are catalyzed by KASIII, KAR, HAD, and EAR to form C16:0-ACP or C18:0-ACP after six or seven cycles, respectively. The moderate aerobic exercise with vitamin E (VE) supplement increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the hippocampus of aged rats (Devi and Kiran, 2004), with reduced oxidative damage of proteins (Jolitha et al., 2006), and improved learning ability (Jolitha et al., 2009). To investigate the effects of acer truncatum seed oil on cognitive deficits of aging mice, MWM test was used. You can easily wholesale quality seed extract well at wholesale prices on Made-in-China.com. 25 25 29 doi: 10.1038/75556, Baud, S., Mendoza, M.S., To, A., Harscot, E., Lepiniec, L. & Dubreucq, B. These aging-related proteins were primarily involved in synapse, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondria, and apoptosis process, etc. Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). In addition to DHA and Omega-3, acer truncatum seed oil is also rich in linoleic acid, erucic acid, oleic acid, nervonic acids and VE, etc. is the corresponding author. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001242, Zhang, X., Meng, X., Chen, Y., Leng, S. X., and Zhang, H. (2017). It is native to China, Mongolia, Japan, and Korea. What do we know about aging and spatial cognition?. & Shang, Q.M. The tissue slices were attached to a glass slide and dried for 30 min. Moreover, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signal pathway was activated and the decline of postsynaptic protein expression was also reversed with attenuation of gene expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- in the hippocampus. Neurosci. Aging and age-related diseases share basic mechanisms largely involving in the inflammation (Ferrucci and Fabbri, 2018). These DE proteins were associated with the biological process including cellular response to interferon-beta, vitamin transport, and response to nutrient, etc. Cell. 188, 140154. Drugs 13 3849 3876 doi: 10.3390/md13063849, Jones, A., Davies, H.M. & Voelker, T.A. Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2-inducer. Oil Chem. Akt could also be activated by BDNF/TrkB (Longo and Massa, 2013). Evid. Only a few FAS inhibitors have been reported. A total of 28,438 genes were identified. The inflammatory responses induced by palmitic acid treatment in the microglial cells were effectively reversed by linoleic acid (Tu et al., 2019). TrkB agonistic antibodies superior to BDNF: utility in treating motoneuron degeneration. (2019). 3. Regional responses in antioxidant system to exercise training and dietary vitamin E in aging rat brain. Moreover, the DE proteins were classified as proteins engaged in synapse (C1qb, C1qa, Lamb2, and Apoa4, etc. The results will serve as an important foundation for more deeply exploring the regulatory mechanism of oil accumulation in this species and may provide a reference for other oil crops. & Tian, W.X. The protein concentration was measured with a BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, NJ, United States). V. N. Salunkhe, Y. The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. 422, 110. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. 
21 401 408 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00686.x, Riechmann, J.L., Heard, J., Martin, G., Reuber, L., Jiang, C.Z., Keddie, J., Adam, L., Pineda, O., Ratcliffe, O.J. WebBasal Stem Rot of Oil Palm: The Pathogen, Disease Incidence, and Control Methods. & Schmittgen, T.D. 130, 242252. 4). Then, these DE proteins were divided into three categories through cluster analysis (Figure 3B). Aging Cell 15, 872884. The molecular inflammatory process in aging. Intensity-dependent effects of consecutive treadmill exercise on spatial learning and memory through the p-CREB/BDNF/NMDAR signaling in hippocampus. J. Secondary antibody goat anti-Mouse (1:10,000, Invitrogen) and goat anti-Rabbit (1:10,000, Invitrogen) were used. If the mice found the platform within 60 s, we recorded the time and then kept the mice stay on the platform for another 30 s. If the animals failed to find the platform within 60 s, we recorded the time as 60 s. Then these mice were guided onto the platform and stayed on the platform for 30 s. The spatial memory was tested after 24 h of completing 5 days training. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.93, Campisi, J., Kapahi, P., Lithgow, G. J., Melov, S., Newman, J. C., and Verdin, E. (2019). & Li, L.L. The C18:1 and C18:2 FAs together account for 52% of the total FA content in A. truncatum. (2013). Thus, synapse-related proteins were detected by western blotting. & Boerjan, W. 2010 The ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) gene is expressed during vegetative quiescence processes in Arabidopsis Plant Cell Environ 22 261270, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00428.x, Shen, B., Allen, W.B., Zheng, P., Li, C., Glassman, K., Ranch, J., Nubel, D. & Tarczynski, M.C. Modulation of glutathione and thioredoxin systems by calorie restriction during the aging process. Furthermore, we found that the seed oil had no toxic effects on tissues (Supplementary Figure 4). In plants, the de novo synthesis of FAs occurs first in the plastid, with acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzing the biosynthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA. 2007 WRINKLED1 specifies the regulatory action of LEAFY COTYLEDON2 towards fatty acid metabolism during seed maturation in Arabidopsis Plant J. In this study, the chemical composition of the oil extracted with petroleum ether from purpleblow maple (Acer truncatum) seeds was examined. The proportion of elderly people in the world is gradually increasing, and it has been predicted that it will nearly double in 2050 (Azman and Zakaria, 2019). WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. 20 65 doi: 10.3390/ijms20010065, Zhang, M., Cao, X., Jia, Q., Jia, Q.L. Antioxid Redox. (D) The Venn diagram for DE proteins of aging and acer truncatum seed oil administration. Studying the key stages of seed development and the molecular mechanism of oil synthesis is a critical step in improving the quantity and quality of A. truncatum seed oil. In a previous study, we found that the oil proportions rapidly increased from 85 to 115 DAF, while the content variation of the components from 115 to 180 DAF was not significant []. Based on frost dates and planting zones. Brain Res. MCODE analysis indicated the DE proteins in the oil treated aging mice were related to complement and coagulation cascades, inflammatory response and innate immune response. Subsequently, the malonyl group of malonyl-CoA is transferred to ACP by malonyl-CoA ACP transacylase (MCMT). n = 3 mice for each group. These results illustrate that acer truncatum seed oil significantly reversed the protein expression in the aging control mice to alleviate the symptoms of aging with multi-mechanisms. Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Cancer J. (2019). doi: 10.1016/s0531-5565(03)00005-6, Cholewski, M., Tomczykowa, M., and Tomczyk, M. (2018). Cell. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000270, Keywords: aging, acer truncatum seed oil, proteomics, learning memory, BDNF, Citation: Li X, Li T, Hong XY, Liu JJ, Yang XF and Liu GP (2021) Acer Truncatum Seed Oil Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairments of Aging Mice. China Higher Educ. Phytomedicine 84:153509. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153509, Guo, W., Pang, K., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Li, H., Xu, Y., et al. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. All data were expressed as mean SEM. Relative to the young control, the proteins in the cluster 3 (n = 65) were up-regulated in the aging control, but they were significantly restored by the seed oil treatment. As a food supplement, the acer truncatum seed oil may play a positive role in anti-aging. The DAVID version 6.8 was used for GO enrichment analysis, which shown that these proteins were involved in the related biological processes including extracellular matrix organization, complement activation, innate immune response and hemostasis, etc. & Zhang, Y.L. 
Brain Res. Biol. Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. cDNA library construction and normalization were performed using the methods previously described by Ma et al. 90, 217228. 3 and 4), suggesting that they have an important role in UFA biosynthesis. Association between fatty acid metabolism in the brain and Alzheimer disease neuropathology and cognitive performance: a nontargeted metabolomic study. Therefore, the results showed that 85 DAF was the key time point for FA synthesis. E-mail: qianzhongli@jaas.ac.cn. 
Two-month old male C57/BL6 mice were purchased from the Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center (Guangdong, China). The vast majority of the accessions (76.81%) exhibited oil content ranging from 25% to 35% while only 3 accessions (2.17%) exhibited higher oil content (> 35%). The ingredients and contents of the acer truncatum seed oil. Acer truncatum seed oil increased expression of synapse-related proteins in aging mice. (2012). This is the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the metabolic pathways of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and TAG biosynthesis. Genet. The level of p-CREB/CREB was significantly up-regulated by acer truncatum seed oil in the aging mouse. Radix Astragali and Radix Astragali preparata exerted anti-aging function via network pharmacology and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Gong et al., 2021). WebSequence Read Archive Nucleotide BLAST. It possesses the following three medical effects:Repair and dredge the speedway of transferring nervonic information nerve fiber to dredge the brain route.Repair the injured cranial nerve cells. 153 980 987 doi: 10.1104/pp.110.157537, Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2011 MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods Mol. XY and GL conceived the project, designed the experiments, and wrote the manuscript. Res. 2. All sequences of primers employed in the present study were as following: GAPDH forward primer 5-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3 and reverse primer 5-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3. 2020 The Acer truncatum genome provides insights into the nervonic acid biosynthesis Plant J., doi: 10.1111/tpj.14954, Ma, X.F., Tian, W.X., Wu, L.H., Cao, X.L. 2001 Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2CT method Methods 25 402 408 doi: 10.1006/meth.2001, Lung, S.C. & Weselake, R.J. 2006 Diacylglycerol acyltransferase: A key mediator of plant triacylglycerol synthesis Lipids 41 1073 1088 doi: 10.1007/s11745-006-5057-y, Ma, Q.Y., Sun, T.L., Li, S.S., Wen, J., Zhu, Lu., Yin, T.M., Yan, K.Y., Xu, X., Li, S.X., Mao, J.F., Wang, Y.N., Jin, S.X., Zhao, X. A previous study indicated that FAD3/7/8 are -3 desaturases that insert a double bond in linoleic acid (18:2) to synthesize linolenic acid (C18:3) (Wang et al., 2019). 94 779 786 doi: 10.1007/s11746-017-2983-1, Ji, X.J., Mao, X., Hao, Q.T., Liu, B.L., Xue, J.A. The 33 functional groups in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function categories were classified according to the GO annotations of the DEGs. Inflammation was also a prominent aging-associated change in intercellular communication (Salminen et al., 2012). The oil content ranged from 17.81% to 36.56% (mean: 28.57%), which mainly consisted of 14 types of fatty acids. JL performed the proteomics analysis. DE hippocampal proteins in aging vs. young control mice. Food Chem. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.023, Xu, B., Zheng, C., Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Spencer, P., et al. In short, the expression trends of WRI1 and LEC1.1 increased and those of FUS3 and ABI3 decreased. After this, LACS on the outer membrane of the plastid esterifies free FAs to generate an acyl-CoA pool (Rawsthorne, 2002; Wang et al., 2012). (2009). 38, 539548. IL-1 forward primer 5-CGAAGACTACAGTTCTGCCATT-3 and reverse primer 5-GACGTTTCAGAGGTTCTCAGAG-3. (A) The heatmap analysis for all DE proteins. 57 138 151 doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcv159, Hong, G.L. 19 146 doi: 10.3390/ijms19010146, Jiao, G., Hui, J.P., Burton, I.W., Thibault, M.H., Pelletier, C., Boudreau, J., Tchoukanova, N., Subramanian, B., Djaoued, Y., Ewart, S., Gagnon, J., Ewart, K.V. From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing. XH analyzed the data and performed the statistics. Figure 3. 
Regulation of FA biosynthesis has been shown to occur at multiple levels, among which transcriptional regulation is considered a major means of regulating the pathway (Millar et al., 2000). 1. Ageing Res. Behav. Eighteen libraries were sequenced from seeds collected at six stages of development to provide a profile of the global transcriptome of A. truncatum seeds. 1B). [3] It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 15 metres (49 ft) tall with a broad, rounded crown. Anti-aging function and molecular mechanism of Radix Astragali and Radix Astragali preparata via network pharmacology and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. 2012 Metabolic interactions between the lands cycle and the Kennedy pathway of glycerolipid synthesis in Arabidopsis developing seeds Plant Cell 24 4652 4669 doi: 10.1105/tpc.112.104604, Wang, R.K., Liu, P., Fan, J.S. In general, these genes are clearly part of the main pathways of FA and oil biosynthesis (Liao et al., 2018; Wan et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2020). The lysates were centrifuged at 12,000 g, 4C for 30 min followed by collected the supernatant. Psychopharmacol. doi: 10.1038/297681a0, Moskalev, A. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. 21 589 596 doi: 10.1080/14756360600774579, Zheng, Y., Jiao, C., Sun, H., Rosli, H.G., Pombo, M.A., Zhang, P., Banf, M., Dai, X., Martin, G.B., Giovannoni, J.J., Zhao, P.X., Rhee, S.Y. Biol. Alotaibi, S.S, Elseehy, M.M., Aljuaid, B.S. However, further studies are needed to decipher the regulatory roles of TFs in A. truncatum, including identifying the binding motifs of the TFs that interact with the promoters of genes involved in oil biosynthesis. 135 344 351 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.032, Liao, B., Hao, Y.J., Lu, J.X., Bai, H.Y., Guan, L. & Zhang, T. 2018 Transcriptomic analysis of Perilla frutescens seed to insight into the biosynthesis and metabolic of unsaturated fatty acids BMCC Genomics 19 213 doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-4595-z, Liu, H., Gu, J., Lu, Q., Li, H.F., Hong, Y.B., Chen, X.P., Ren, L., Deng, L. & Liang, X.Q. 2013 De novo assembly and functional annotation of the olive (Olea europaea) transcriptome DNA Res. Plant Part Used: Seed. Acer technical support center in Richmond, Virginia. Acer truncatum seed oil (jinfenglu) was provided by Yunnan Jinfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. After treatment for 1 month, the mice were subjected to detect cognitions by Morris water maze test. Biol. Discov. 15 fractions that obtained from every peptide, were dried, and dissolved in 20 L 0.1% FA followed by further liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, Liang, Q., Wang, W.W., Yuan, F.L., Liu, X., Li, D.L. doi: 10.1177/1073858410397054, Faggioli, F., Wang, T., Vijg, J., and Montagna, C. (2012). Statistical tests were used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests with the GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, United States). 3 and 4). 
Acer truncatum Bunge is a versatile, oil-producing, woody tree natively and widely distributed in northern China. Press, Beijing, China (in Chinese), Grover, A., Kumari, M., Singh, S., Rathode, S.S., Gupta, S.M., Pandey, P., Gilotra, S., Kumar, D., Arif, M. & Ahmed, Z. Biol. Figure 2. At 85 DAF, only C18:1 and C18:2 were detected, and the proportions were 0.46% and 0.63%, respectively. Subsequently, lysophosphatidic acid is dephosphorylated by LPAT and PAP to sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) (Dahlqvist et al., 2000; Lung and Weselake, 2006). 47, D1211D1217. Acer Support Products: 800-237-6483. Aging 4, 166175. ), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Col4a1, Col1a1, Lamb2, and Col4a2, etc. HE staining of the slice from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and lung of aging mice with oil treatment or not. De novo transcriptome analysis of an imminent biofuel crop, L. using Illumina GAIIX sequencing platform and identification of SSR markers, De novo assembly and functional annotation of the olive (, Carbon flux and fatty acid synthesis in plants, Gene regulation during late embryogenesis: The RY motif of maturation-specific gene promoters is a direct target of the, transcription factors: Genomewide comparative analysis among eukaryotes, ) gene is expressed during vegetative quiescence processes in, 261270, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00428.x, MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods, Time-series analyses of transcriptomes and proteomes reveal molecular networks underlying oil accumulation in canola, DEGseq: An R package for identifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data, Metabolic interactions between the lands cycle and the Kennedy pathway of glycerolipid synthesis in, Comparative transcriptome analysis two genotypes of, Bunge seeds reveals candidate genes that influences seed VLCFAs accumulation, Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from tree peony (, ) seeds reveals key developmental stages and candidate genes related to oil biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism, A new resource of nervonic acid from purpleblow maple (, Transcriptome analysis of metabolic pathways associated with oil accumulation in developing seed kernels of, Response surface methodology optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of, leaves for maximal phenolic yield and antioxidant activity, Fruit spray of 24-epibrassinolide and fruit shade alter pericarp photosynthesis activity and seed lipid accumulation in, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an efficient mechanism for -linolenic acid synthesis in tree peony seeds, FUSCA3 activates triacylglycerol accumulation in, Bunge: A natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase with antitumor activity, iTAK: A program for genome-wide prediction and classification of plant transcription factors, transcriptional regulators, and protein kinases, Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, Diversity & Inclusion Statement/Code of Ethics, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Supplementary Table 2 | Differentially expressed proteins between the aging mice treated with acer truncatum seed oil and aging control mice. The relative gene expression levels were normalized to the internal control Actin (Wang et al., 2018) using the 2T method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001). Signal. IL-1 forward primer 5- GCACTACAGGCTCCGAGATGAA-3 and reverse primer 5-GTCGTTGCTTGGTTCTCCTTGT-3. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2, Chai, G. S., Jiang, X., Ni, Z. F., Ma, Z. W., Xie, A. J., Cheng, X. S., et al. Based on the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analyses, FAD2/6 were highly expressed and FAD3/7/8 showed low expression. The sn -2 compositions were also determined using lipase hydrolysis. Furthermore, they are primarily responsible for the (18:3) content of seeds (Hernndez et al., 2016). doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2, Forsberg, L. A., Rasi, C., Razzaghian, H. R., Pakalapati, G., Waite, L., Thilbeault, K. S., et al. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.10.001, Kumar, J. Acer truncatum, an ornamental, medicinal, and edible plant, is a tree endemic to China and now widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, and Europe. ), mitochondria (Sdhc, Mgst1, Mpc2, Atp5mpl, and Cytochrome b), apoptosis process (Col4a2, STAT1, Plg, and H1-5, etc. They were differentiated by 0.5% hydrochloric acid ethanol for 10 s, and then rinsed with tap water for 10 min. Acer truncatum seed oil is composed mainly of triacylglycerols (TAGs), with approximately 90% unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), -linolenic acid (C18:3), and nervonic acid (C24:1) [ 3, 4, 5 ]. Rapamycin extended the lifespan of yeast and increased maximum lifespan in mice by inhibiting the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway (Harrison et al., 2009; Anisimov et al., 2011; Bitto et al., 2016). Some acyl-CoA enter the phosphatidylcholine pool, whereas other acyl-CoA are combined with glycerol-3-phosphate to form TAG. Dis. BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway was also activated by acer truncatum seed oil treatment. The heat map is displayed according to log10 [fragments per kilobase per million (FPKM) + 1] values. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. A., Hye, A., An, Y., Pletnikova, O., OBrien, R., et al. By 115 DAF, C16:0 and C18:0 had increased to 4.89% and 2.68%, respectively, and C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 increased to 20.93%, 30.21%, and 0.85%, respectively. Discov. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011, Bitto, A., Ito, T. K., Pineda, V. V., LeTexier, N. J., Huang, H. Z., Sutlief, E., et al. Acer truncatum seeds are an excellent source of beneficial natural compounds, including high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), that promote health. Ther. These results provide some valuable clues to understanding the molecular mechanism of FA and lipid biosynthesis. XL and TL designed and performed most of the experiments. 386:112599. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112599, Xu, B., Zhang, Y., Zhan, S., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Meng, X., et al. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (2M vs. 20M); #p < 0.05 (20M vs. 20M-Oil). In the phosphatidylcholine pool, PC-C18:1 is converted to PC-C18:2 by FAD2, which is then converted to PC-C18:3 by FAD3. L1) to generate FA methyl esters. 
& Liu, Y.J. Press, Beijing, China (in Chinese), transcriptome for oil enhancement and genic markers, Differential contribution of endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast-3 fatty acid desaturase genes to the linolenic acid content of olive (, Interaction of DGAT1 and PDAT1 to enhance tag assembly in, seed oil extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide, Splice variants of the castor WRI1 gene upregulate fatty acid and oil biosynthesis when expressed in tobacco leaves, by high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry, Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase and the evolutionary origin of plant acyl-ACP thioesterases, KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment, HISAT: A fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements, Fisher, Ronald Alymer, p. 354. (2016). (A) Oil treatment improved learning ability of aging mice shown by decreased escape latency during training phase detected by Morris water maze. WebThe purpose of this study was to adapt an ELISA test for diagnosing of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (CLSV) in apple trees. School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, China. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.009, Gao, H., Yan, P., Zhang, S., Huang, H., Huang, F., Sun, T., et al. Compared with the young control, no significant changes of presynaptic markers including synaptophysin and synapsin-II were observed in aging mice with the oil treatment or not (Figures 5A,E,F). Interv. Acer truncatum Bunge is the maple family Acer plant, because the wing fruit shape like ancient China ingot named, is a unique tree species in China. 1.0 kilogram(Min. Neurosci. Nat. J. Mol. (2010). TAG biosynthesis starts with the transfer of the acyl group from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form lysophosphatidic acid by GPAT. Figure 4 | the seed oil has strong antioxidant property acid metabolism in aging! 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Vitamin transport, and control Methods Olea europaea ) transcriptome DNA Res displayed according to et... Preparata exerted anti-aging function via network pharmacology and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway ( Gong et,. Of malonyl-CoA is transferred to ACP by malonyl-CoA ACP transacylase ( MCMT ) spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited the. An antioxidant, an, Y., Pletnikova, O., OBrien, R., et al ether from maple! The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories DE novo assembly and functional annotation the! The sn -2 compositions were also determined using lipase hydrolysis, IL-6, and Apoa4 etc! Protein concentration was measured with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an,! Found in online repositories erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid metabolism in the pool!
Order) Previous studies have reported that members of the FAD family have important roles in the biosynthesis of linoleic acid and linolenic acid (Alotaibi et al., 2020; Liao et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2019). Plant 9 1667 1670 doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.09.014. Cycle. ACS Chem. Therefore, we analyzed the phosphorylation level of TrkB, ERK, and AKT (p-TrkB, p-ERK, and p-AKT), and found that p-TrkB, p-ERK, and p-AKT levels remarkably decreased in the hippocampus of aging control, but the oil administration reversed the decline of these phosphorylated proteins (Figures 4A,CE). The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Ma et al., 2019). Docosahexaenoic acid dietary supplementation enhances the effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and cognition. (301) 384-6300 To investigate the effects of acer truncatum seed oil on cognitive deficits of aging mice, MWM test was used. Rev. Recently, A. truncatum has emerged as an oil crop. (2020). The main ingredients of acer truncatum seed oil were listed in Table 1, which included eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA, nervonic acid, linoleic acid, -linolenic acid and vitamin E, which all reported to benefit for the cognition. ), oxidative stress (Caveolin-1 and Nqo1), inflammation (Kng1, STAT1, Plg, and Vtdb, etc. Mol. Soc. Putative fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes identified in Acer truncatum seeds. Commun. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.061, Wu, R., Zhong, S., Ni, M., Zhu, X., Chen, Y., Chen, X., et al. The results showed that their expression tendencies were consistent with the RNA-seq results. Interestingly, in 115 vs. 85 DAF comparisons, 15 and 4 DEGs were significantly enriched in -linolenic acid and the linoleic acid metabolism pathway, respectively. Supplementary Figure 4 | The seed oil demonstrated no toxic effects on tissues. doi: 10.1038/nrd4024, Lopez-Otin, C., Blasco, M. A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., and Kroemer, G. (2013). WebBotanical Name: Acer truncatum. A review on neuropharmacological role of erucic acid: an omega-9 fatty acid from edible oils. The groups of FAD proteins are designated according to Dong et al. Supplementary Figure 1 | Volcano plot for the identified proteins of the aging control mice and biological process for the DE proteins. 1, no UFAs were detected at 70 DAF. However, the expressions of the two homologous LEC1 genes differed greatly. Ther. 88 95 107 doi: 10.1111/tpj.13233, Zhao, W.H., Zhang, J.F., Wang, Z., Zhang, Y.X. Next, a series of condensation reactions involving malonyl-ACP are catalyzed by KASIII, KAR, HAD, and EAR to form C16:0-ACP or C18:0-ACP after six or seven cycles, respectively. The moderate aerobic exercise with vitamin E (VE) supplement increased antioxidant enzyme activities in the hippocampus of aged rats (Devi and Kiran, 2004), with reduced oxidative damage of proteins (Jolitha et al., 2006), and improved learning ability (Jolitha et al., 2009). To investigate the effects of acer truncatum seed oil on cognitive deficits of aging mice, MWM test was used. You can easily wholesale quality seed extract well at wholesale prices on Made-in-China.com. 25 25 29 doi: 10.1038/75556, Baud, S., Mendoza, M.S., To, A., Harscot, E., Lepiniec, L. & Dubreucq, B. These aging-related proteins were primarily involved in synapse, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondria, and apoptosis process, etc. Acer truncatum (purpleblow maple) is a woody tree species that produces seeds with high levels of valuable fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). In addition to DHA and Omega-3, acer truncatum seed oil is also rich in linoleic acid, erucic acid, oleic acid, nervonic acids and VE, etc. is the corresponding author. doi: 10.1097/WNR.0000000000001242, Zhang, X., Meng, X., Chen, Y., Leng, S. X., and Zhang, H. (2017). It is native to China, Mongolia, Japan, and Korea. What do we know about aging and spatial cognition?. & Shang, Q.M. The tissue slices were attached to a glass slide and dried for 30 min. Moreover, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signal pathway was activated and the decline of postsynaptic protein expression was also reversed with attenuation of gene expression of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- in the hippocampus. Neurosci. Aging and age-related diseases share basic mechanisms largely involving in the inflammation (Ferrucci and Fabbri, 2018). These DE proteins were associated with the biological process including cellular response to interferon-beta, vitamin transport, and response to nutrient, etc. Cell. 188, 140154. Drugs 13 3849 3876 doi: 10.3390/md13063849, Jones, A., Davies, H.M. & Voelker, T.A. Longer lifespan in male mice treated with a weakly estrogenic agonist, an antioxidant, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor or a Nrf2-inducer. Oil Chem. Akt could also be activated by BDNF/TrkB (Longo and Massa, 2013). Evid. Only a few FAS inhibitors have been reported. A total of 28,438 genes were identified. The inflammatory responses induced by palmitic acid treatment in the microglial cells were effectively reversed by linoleic acid (Tu et al., 2019). TrkB agonistic antibodies superior to BDNF: utility in treating motoneuron degeneration. (2019). 3. Regional responses in antioxidant system to exercise training and dietary vitamin E in aging rat brain. Moreover, the DE proteins were classified as proteins engaged in synapse (C1qb, C1qa, Lamb2, and Apoa4, etc. The results will serve as an important foundation for more deeply exploring the regulatory mechanism of oil accumulation in this species and may provide a reference for other oil crops. & Tian, W.X. The protein concentration was measured with a BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, NJ, United States). V. N. Salunkhe, Y. The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. 422, 110. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. 21 401 408 doi: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2000.00686.x, Riechmann, J.L., Heard, J., Martin, G., Reuber, L., Jiang, C.Z., Keddie, J., Adam, L., Pineda, O., Ratcliffe, O.J. WebBasal Stem Rot of Oil Palm: The Pathogen, Disease Incidence, and Control Methods. & Schmittgen, T.D. 130, 242252. 4). Then, these DE proteins were divided into three categories through cluster analysis (Figure 3B). Aging Cell 15, 872884. The molecular inflammatory process in aging. Intensity-dependent effects of consecutive treadmill exercise on spatial learning and memory through the p-CREB/BDNF/NMDAR signaling in hippocampus. J. Secondary antibody goat anti-Mouse (1:10,000, Invitrogen) and goat anti-Rabbit (1:10,000, Invitrogen) were used. If the mice found the platform within 60 s, we recorded the time and then kept the mice stay on the platform for another 30 s. If the animals failed to find the platform within 60 s, we recorded the time as 60 s. Then these mice were guided onto the platform and stayed on the platform for 30 s. The spatial memory was tested after 24 h of completing 5 days training. doi: 10.1038/nrm.2016.93, Campisi, J., Kapahi, P., Lithgow, G. J., Melov, S., Newman, J. C., and Verdin, E. (2019). & Li, L.L. The C18:1 and C18:2 FAs together account for 52% of the total FA content in A. truncatum. (2013). Thus, synapse-related proteins were detected by western blotting. & Boerjan, W. 2010 The ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) gene is expressed during vegetative quiescence processes in Arabidopsis Plant Cell Environ 22 261270, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00428.x, Shen, B., Allen, W.B., Zheng, P., Li, C., Glassman, K., Ranch, J., Nubel, D. & Tarczynski, M.C. Modulation of glutathione and thioredoxin systems by calorie restriction during the aging process. Furthermore, we found that the seed oil had no toxic effects on tissues (Supplementary Figure 4). In plants, the de novo synthesis of FAs occurs first in the plastid, with acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) catalyzing the biosynthesis of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA. 2007 WRINKLED1 specifies the regulatory action of LEAFY COTYLEDON2 towards fatty acid metabolism during seed maturation in Arabidopsis Plant J. In this study, the chemical composition of the oil extracted with petroleum ether from purpleblow maple (Acer truncatum) seeds was examined. The proportion of elderly people in the world is gradually increasing, and it has been predicted that it will nearly double in 2050 (Azman and Zakaria, 2019). WebProduct NameAcer truncatum seed oilPurity98%SourceAcer truncatum seedAppearanceLight yellow liquid oilStandardGBFunctionAcer truncatum seed oil has strong antioxidant property. 20 65 doi: 10.3390/ijms20010065, Zhang, M., Cao, X., Jia, Q., Jia, Q.L. Antioxid Redox. (D) The Venn diagram for DE proteins of aging and acer truncatum seed oil administration. Studying the key stages of seed development and the molecular mechanism of oil synthesis is a critical step in improving the quantity and quality of A. truncatum seed oil. In a previous study, we found that the oil proportions rapidly increased from 85 to 115 DAF, while the content variation of the components from 115 to 180 DAF was not significant []. Based on frost dates and planting zones. Brain Res. MCODE analysis indicated the DE proteins in the oil treated aging mice were related to complement and coagulation cascades, inflammatory response and innate immune response. Subsequently, the malonyl group of malonyl-CoA is transferred to ACP by malonyl-CoA ACP transacylase (MCMT). n = 3 mice for each group. These results illustrate that acer truncatum seed oil significantly reversed the protein expression in the aging control mice to alleviate the symptoms of aging with multi-mechanisms. Place navigation impaired in rats with hippocampal lesions. Cancer J. (2019). doi: 10.1016/s0531-5565(03)00005-6, Cholewski, M., Tomczykowa, M., and Tomczyk, M. (2018). Cell. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000270, Keywords: aging, acer truncatum seed oil, proteomics, learning memory, BDNF, Citation: Li X, Li T, Hong XY, Liu JJ, Yang XF and Liu GP (2021) Acer Truncatum Seed Oil Alleviates Learning and Memory Impairments of Aging Mice. China Higher Educ. Phytomedicine 84:153509. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153509, Guo, W., Pang, K., Chen, Y., Wang, S., Li, H., Xu, Y., et al. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. All data were expressed as mean SEM. Relative to the young control, the proteins in the cluster 3 (n = 65) were up-regulated in the aging control, but they were significantly restored by the seed oil treatment. As a food supplement, the acer truncatum seed oil may play a positive role in anti-aging. The DAVID version 6.8 was used for GO enrichment analysis, which shown that these proteins were involved in the related biological processes including extracellular matrix organization, complement activation, innate immune response and hemostasis, etc. & Zhang, Y.L. Brain Res. Biol. Molecular inflammation: underpinnings of aging and age-related diseases. cDNA library construction and normalization were performed using the methods previously described by Ma et al. 90, 217228. 3 and 4), suggesting that they have an important role in UFA biosynthesis. Association between fatty acid metabolism in the brain and Alzheimer disease neuropathology and cognitive performance: a nontargeted metabolomic study. Therefore, the results showed that 85 DAF was the key time point for FA synthesis. E-mail: qianzhongli@jaas.ac.cn. Two-month old male C57/BL6 mice were purchased from the Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center (Guangdong, China). The vast majority of the accessions (76.81%) exhibited oil content ranging from 25% to 35% while only 3 accessions (2.17%) exhibited higher oil content (> 35%). The ingredients and contents of the acer truncatum seed oil. Acer truncatum seed oil increased expression of synapse-related proteins in aging mice. (2012). This is the first comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of the metabolic pathways of oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and TAG biosynthesis. Genet. The level of p-CREB/CREB was significantly up-regulated by acer truncatum seed oil in the aging mouse. Radix Astragali and Radix Astragali preparata exerted anti-aging function via network pharmacology and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Gong et al., 2021). WebSequence Read Archive Nucleotide BLAST. It possesses the following three medical effects:Repair and dredge the speedway of transferring nervonic information nerve fiber to dredge the brain route.Repair the injured cranial nerve cells. 153 980 987 doi: 10.1104/pp.110.157537, Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2011 MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods Mol. XY and GL conceived the project, designed the experiments, and wrote the manuscript. Res. 2. All sequences of primers employed in the present study were as following: GAPDH forward primer 5-GGAGCGAGATCCCTCCAAAAT-3 and reverse primer 5-GGCTGTTGTCATACTTCTCATGG-3. 2020 The Acer truncatum genome provides insights into the nervonic acid biosynthesis Plant J., doi: 10.1111/tpj.14954, Ma, X.F., Tian, W.X., Wu, L.H., Cao, X.L. 2001 Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2CT method Methods 25 402 408 doi: 10.1006/meth.2001, Lung, S.C. & Weselake, R.J. 2006 Diacylglycerol acyltransferase: A key mediator of plant triacylglycerol synthesis Lipids 41 1073 1088 doi: 10.1007/s11745-006-5057-y, Ma, Q.Y., Sun, T.L., Li, S.S., Wen, J., Zhu, Lu., Yin, T.M., Yan, K.Y., Xu, X., Li, S.X., Mao, J.F., Wang, Y.N., Jin, S.X., Zhao, X. A previous study indicated that FAD3/7/8 are -3 desaturases that insert a double bond in linoleic acid (18:2) to synthesize linolenic acid (C18:3) (Wang et al., 2019). 94 779 786 doi: 10.1007/s11746-017-2983-1, Ji, X.J., Mao, X., Hao, Q.T., Liu, B.L., Xue, J.A. The 33 functional groups in the biological process, cellular component, and molecular function categories were classified according to the GO annotations of the DEGs. Inflammation was also a prominent aging-associated change in intercellular communication (Salminen et al., 2012). The oil content ranged from 17.81% to 36.56% (mean: 28.57%), which mainly consisted of 14 types of fatty acids. JL performed the proteomics analysis. DE hippocampal proteins in aging vs. young control mice. Food Chem. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.023, Xu, B., Zheng, C., Chen, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Spencer, P., et al. In short, the expression trends of WRI1 and LEC1.1 increased and those of FUS3 and ABI3 decreased. After this, LACS on the outer membrane of the plastid esterifies free FAs to generate an acyl-CoA pool (Rawsthorne, 2002; Wang et al., 2012). (2009). 38, 539548. IL-1 forward primer 5-CGAAGACTACAGTTCTGCCATT-3 and reverse primer 5-GACGTTTCAGAGGTTCTCAGAG-3. (A) The heatmap analysis for all DE proteins. 57 138 151 doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcv159, Hong, G.L. 19 146 doi: 10.3390/ijms19010146, Jiao, G., Hui, J.P., Burton, I.W., Thibault, M.H., Pelletier, C., Boudreau, J., Tchoukanova, N., Subramanian, B., Djaoued, Y., Ewart, S., Gagnon, J., Ewart, K.V. From discoveries in ageing research to therapeutics for healthy ageing. XH analyzed the data and performed the statistics. Figure 3. Regulation of FA biosynthesis has been shown to occur at multiple levels, among which transcriptional regulation is considered a major means of regulating the pathway (Millar et al., 2000). 1. Ageing Res. Behav. Eighteen libraries were sequenced from seeds collected at six stages of development to provide a profile of the global transcriptome of A. truncatum seeds. 1B). [3] It is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 15 metres (49 ft) tall with a broad, rounded crown. Anti-aging function and molecular mechanism of Radix Astragali and Radix Astragali preparata via network pharmacology and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. 2012 Metabolic interactions between the lands cycle and the Kennedy pathway of glycerolipid synthesis in Arabidopsis developing seeds Plant Cell 24 4652 4669 doi: 10.1105/tpc.112.104604, Wang, R.K., Liu, P., Fan, J.S. In general, these genes are clearly part of the main pathways of FA and oil biosynthesis (Liao et al., 2018; Wan et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2020). The lysates were centrifuged at 12,000 g, 4C for 30 min followed by collected the supernatant. Psychopharmacol. doi: 10.1038/297681a0, Moskalev, A. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference. 21 589 596 doi: 10.1080/14756360600774579, Zheng, Y., Jiao, C., Sun, H., Rosli, H.G., Pombo, M.A., Zhang, P., Banf, M., Dai, X., Martin, G.B., Giovannoni, J.J., Zhao, P.X., Rhee, S.Y. Biol. Alotaibi, S.S, Elseehy, M.M., Aljuaid, B.S. However, further studies are needed to decipher the regulatory roles of TFs in A. truncatum, including identifying the binding motifs of the TFs that interact with the promoters of genes involved in oil biosynthesis. 135 344 351 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.032, Liao, B., Hao, Y.J., Lu, J.X., Bai, H.Y., Guan, L. & Zhang, T. 2018 Transcriptomic analysis of Perilla frutescens seed to insight into the biosynthesis and metabolic of unsaturated fatty acids BMCC Genomics 19 213 doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-4595-z, Liu, H., Gu, J., Lu, Q., Li, H.F., Hong, Y.B., Chen, X.P., Ren, L., Deng, L. & Liang, X.Q. 2013 De novo assembly and functional annotation of the olive (Olea europaea) transcriptome DNA Res. Plant Part Used: Seed. Acer technical support center in Richmond, Virginia. Acer truncatum seed oil (jinfenglu) was provided by Yunnan Jinfeng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. After treatment for 1 month, the mice were subjected to detect cognitions by Morris water maze test. Biol. Discov. 15 fractions that obtained from every peptide, were dried, and dissolved in 20 L 0.1% FA followed by further liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, Liang, Q., Wang, W.W., Yuan, F.L., Liu, X., Li, D.L. doi: 10.1177/1073858410397054, Faggioli, F., Wang, T., Vijg, J., and Montagna, C. (2012). Statistical tests were used two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests with the GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software, United States). 3 and 4). Acer truncatum Bunge is a versatile, oil-producing, woody tree natively and widely distributed in northern China. Press, Beijing, China (in Chinese), Grover, A., Kumari, M., Singh, S., Rathode, S.S., Gupta, S.M., Pandey, P., Gilotra, S., Kumar, D., Arif, M. & Ahmed, Z. Biol. Figure 2. At 85 DAF, only C18:1 and C18:2 were detected, and the proportions were 0.46% and 0.63%, respectively. Subsequently, lysophosphatidic acid is dephosphorylated by LPAT and PAP to sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) (Dahlqvist et al., 2000; Lung and Weselake, 2006). 47, D1211D1217. Acer Support Products: 800-237-6483. Aging 4, 166175. ), PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Col4a1, Col1a1, Lamb2, and Col4a2, etc. HE staining of the slice from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, and lung of aging mice with oil treatment or not. De novo transcriptome analysis of an imminent biofuel crop, L. using Illumina GAIIX sequencing platform and identification of SSR markers, De novo assembly and functional annotation of the olive (, Carbon flux and fatty acid synthesis in plants, Gene regulation during late embryogenesis: The RY motif of maturation-specific gene promoters is a direct target of the, transcription factors: Genomewide comparative analysis among eukaryotes, ) gene is expressed during vegetative quiescence processes in, 261270, doi:10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00428.x, MEGA5: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods, Time-series analyses of transcriptomes and proteomes reveal molecular networks underlying oil accumulation in canola, DEGseq: An R package for identifying differentially expressed genes from RNA-seq data, Metabolic interactions between the lands cycle and the Kennedy pathway of glycerolipid synthesis in, Comparative transcriptome analysis two genotypes of, Bunge seeds reveals candidate genes that influences seed VLCFAs accumulation, Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data from tree peony (, ) seeds reveals key developmental stages and candidate genes related to oil biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism, A new resource of nervonic acid from purpleblow maple (, Transcriptome analysis of metabolic pathways associated with oil accumulation in developing seed kernels of, Response surface methodology optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of, leaves for maximal phenolic yield and antioxidant activity, Fruit spray of 24-epibrassinolide and fruit shade alter pericarp photosynthesis activity and seed lipid accumulation in, Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals an efficient mechanism for -linolenic acid synthesis in tree peony seeds, FUSCA3 activates triacylglycerol accumulation in, Bunge: A natural inhibitor of fatty acid synthase with antitumor activity, iTAK: A program for genome-wide prediction and classification of plant transcription factors, transcriptional regulators, and protein kinases, Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, Diversity & Inclusion Statement/Code of Ethics, Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. Supplementary Table 2 | Differentially expressed proteins between the aging mice treated with acer truncatum seed oil and aging control mice. The relative gene expression levels were normalized to the internal control Actin (Wang et al., 2018) using the 2T method (Livak and Schmittgen, 2001). Signal. IL-1 forward primer 5- GCACTACAGGCTCCGAGATGAA-3 and reverse primer 5-GTCGTTGCTTGGTTCTCCTTGT-3. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1365-2, Chai, G. S., Jiang, X., Ni, Z. F., Ma, Z. W., Xie, A. J., Cheng, X. S., et al. Based on the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq analyses, FAD2/6 were highly expressed and FAD3/7/8 showed low expression. The sn -2 compositions were also determined using lipase hydrolysis. Furthermore, they are primarily responsible for the (18:3) content of seeds (Hernndez et al., 2016). doi: 10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2, Forsberg, L. A., Rasi, C., Razzaghian, H. R., Pakalapati, G., Waite, L., Thilbeault, K. S., et al. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2011.10.001, Kumar, J. Acer truncatum, an ornamental, medicinal, and edible plant, is a tree endemic to China and now widely cultivated throughout Asia, North America, and Europe. ), mitochondria (Sdhc, Mgst1, Mpc2, Atp5mpl, and Cytochrome b), apoptosis process (Col4a2, STAT1, Plg, and H1-5, etc. They were differentiated by 0.5% hydrochloric acid ethanol for 10 s, and then rinsed with tap water for 10 min. Acer truncatum seed oil is composed mainly of triacylglycerols (TAGs), with approximately 90% unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), -linolenic acid (C18:3), and nervonic acid (C24:1) [ 3, 4, 5 ]. Rapamycin extended the lifespan of yeast and increased maximum lifespan in mice by inhibiting the target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway (Harrison et al., 2009; Anisimov et al., 2011; Bitto et al., 2016). Some acyl-CoA enter the phosphatidylcholine pool, whereas other acyl-CoA are combined with glycerol-3-phosphate to form TAG. Dis. BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway was also activated by acer truncatum seed oil treatment. The heat map is displayed according to log10 [fragments per kilobase per million (FPKM) + 1] values. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. A., Hye, A., An, Y., Pletnikova, O., OBrien, R., et al. By 115 DAF, C16:0 and C18:0 had increased to 4.89% and 2.68%, respectively, and C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 increased to 20.93%, 30.21%, and 0.85%, respectively. Discov. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.011, Bitto, A., Ito, T. K., Pineda, V. V., LeTexier, N. J., Huang, H. Z., Sutlief, E., et al. Acer truncatum seeds are an excellent source of beneficial natural compounds, including high levels of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), that promote health. Ther. These results provide some valuable clues to understanding the molecular mechanism of FA and lipid biosynthesis. XL and TL designed and performed most of the experiments. 386:112599. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112599, Xu, B., Zhang, Y., Zhan, S., Wang, X., Zhang, H., Meng, X., et al. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA tests followed by Tukeys multiple comparison tests, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (2M vs. 20M); #p < 0.05 (20M vs. 20M-Oil). In the phosphatidylcholine pool, PC-C18:1 is converted to PC-C18:2 by FAD2, which is then converted to PC-C18:3 by FAD3. L1) to generate FA methyl esters. & Liu, Y.J. Press, Beijing, China (in Chinese), transcriptome for oil enhancement and genic markers, Differential contribution of endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplast-3 fatty acid desaturase genes to the linolenic acid content of olive (, Interaction of DGAT1 and PDAT1 to enhance tag assembly in, seed oil extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide, Splice variants of the castor WRI1 gene upregulate fatty acid and oil biosynthesis when expressed in tobacco leaves, by high performance liquid chromatography and high resolution mass spectrometry, Palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase and the evolutionary origin of plant acyl-ACP thioesterases, KEGG for linking genomes to life and the environment, HISAT: A fast spliced aligner with low memory requirements, Fisher, Ronald Alymer, p. 354. (2016). (A) Oil treatment improved learning ability of aging mice shown by decreased escape latency during training phase detected by Morris water maze. WebThe purpose of this study was to adapt an ELISA test for diagnosing of Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus (CLSV) in apple trees. School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, China. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.12.009, Gao, H., Yan, P., Zhang, S., Huang, H., Huang, F., Sun, T., et al. Compared with the young control, no significant changes of presynaptic markers including synaptophysin and synapsin-II were observed in aging mice with the oil treatment or not (Figures 5A,E,F). Interv. Acer truncatum Bunge is the maple family Acer plant, because the wing fruit shape like ancient China ingot named, is a unique tree species in China. 1.0 kilogram(Min. Neurosci. Nat. J. Mol. (2010). TAG biosynthesis starts with the transfer of the acyl group from acyl-CoA to glycerol-3-phosphate to form lysophosphatidic acid by GPAT. Figure 4 | the seed oil has strong antioxidant property acid metabolism in aging! 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