Just like the name states, the Traditions Plinker is designed for use at the range. Indeed, Ive heard great reports from hunters with other .45 caliber muzzleloaders who have gotten outstanding results with the PowerBelt ELR. That company is basically the only remaining source of those bullets at this point and when theyre gone, theyre gone! Theres one critical difference though: Thor Lightning bullets are designed to be self-sizing to your bore, so theres no need to purchase a Thor bullet sizing pack and measure your bore size beforehand. Yes, you can have ammo in your car in California. Due to their design, hollow point bullets tend to be more accurate than other types of ammunition, as they are less affected by wind resistance and other factors that can affect trajectory. What bullets are illegal Texas? Plastic inserts in the hollow, which provide the same profile as a full-metal-jacketed round (such as the, Plastic inserts in the hollow to provide the same profile for feeding in semiautomatic and automatic weapons as a full-metal-jacketed round but that separate on firing while in flight or in the barrel (such as the German Geco "Action Safety" 9mm round), the shooting of animals for the protection of other animals or humans, This page was last edited on 23 March 2023, at 05:32. As an added bonus, the Hornady SST is one of the most reasonably priced muzzleloader bullets currently available on the market. When it comes to convicted felons or the mentally incapacitated, the logic is that if he or she is not allowed to have a firearm, then there is also no need for him or her to legally possess ammunition. You should always consult with a trained professional if youre not sure whether your storage solution is safe enough. If so, then yes, they are included in this list with Hornadys lead round balls. Can I open carry in the woods in California? The FPB is also highly regarded as a well constructed muzzleloader bullet ideal for use on larger tougher species of game and for leaving minimal residue in the barrel after firing. For a long time, the main drawback to using these muzzleloading bullets was their sensitivity to differences in bore size between various muzzleloaders. WebAre hollow point bullets illegal in California? The BOR bullets load easily in my specific barrel (your results may vary), enabling a second and third shot without swabbing the barrel. The first hollow-point bullets were marketed in the late 19th century as express bullets, and were hollowed out to reduce the bullet's mass and provide higher velocities. senjata Much of the hollow point ammo available today is designed so as to not pass through the target and hit a possible bystander. The greater frontal surface area of the expanded bullet limits its depth of penetration into the target, and causes more extensive tissue damage along the wound path. Since hollow points are designed to stop when hitting a target, its not clear what information was used to make this law. If your background check is rejected, you will receive a letter in the mail informing you of the reason why. do so when the owner knows, or should know, that a child could access it without a parents permission. The tip of the projectile is concave or hollow, allowing for Anyway, lets get to it. It can cause more damage to your target. Hollow-point bullets are used for controlled penetration, where overpenetration could cause collateral damage (such as aboard an aircraft). Hope this helps! Minors can also buy live ammunition if they are explicitly engaging in sport, i.e., hunting or shooting at a shooting range. The thick jacket material kept the tips of the jacket from bending as easily as a normal thickness jacket. The 290gr Barnes TMZ and TEZ are excellent muzzleloader bullets for elk sized game. The Thompson Center Shockwave bullet is available in 200 grain, 250 grain, and 300 grain bullet weights. My choice was based on stopping my threat without unintended casualties. My name is Kevin and I am delighted to present to you my blog about game hunting. Like you said though, finding them in stock can be tough. If the bow fires a projectile in a barrel using combustion or explosives, it is a firearm, not a bow. For instance, Thompson Center bullets tend to shoot very accurately out of a Thompson Center muzzleloader. Before we begin, I have three disclaimers. The sale of handgun ammunition to people under the age of 21 is not allowed by the law. For more detailed information on choosing the gear for hunting with a muzzleloader, check out these other articles: These Are The Best 9 Best Muzzleloader Sights For Hunters, 5 Best Traditional Muzzleloaders For Hunters, Essential Muzzleloader Supplies Every Hunter Needs, 11 Best Hunting Ear Protection Options For Hunters. Which breed of dog is the smallest used in hunting? There has been much controversy over gun laws in California, and the legal rights of gun owners in the state are always changing. Certain types of bullets are not allowed to be possessed. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Is it legal to carry hollow point bullets? In some cases, police departments and certain other agencies may have access to otherwise restricted types of ammunition. If you live in a state like Idaho that only allows 100% lead bullets during muzzleloader season, then you should really consider using the PowerBelt Pure Lead muzzleloader bullet. You could be able to avoid the charges associated with wrongly possessing ammunition, but the chances are slim unless you have a skilled defense lawyer by your side. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This design leaves less residue behind, which makes cleaning the barrel and loading subsequent shots much easier. Why you say? The system isnt perfect, though, and background checks can go wrong. Are hollow point bullets legal in California? Generally, a firearm can only be legally transported in California if it is: unloaded, and. In a lot of cases. Is it legal for me to buy green tip bullets? ammo hollow point vs fmj cartridge 9mm bullets jhp ammunition bullet jacketed jacket metal survival daily practice points america just California residents. The law also requires all hollow point ammunition to be transported directly from the place of purchase to one's home or premises, or hunting area, or by members of a rifle or pistol club directly to a place of target practice, or directly to an authorized target range from the place of purchase or one's home or premises. Penal Code 32310 was upheld by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Can I own a 15 round magazine in California? This law required the California Fish and Game Commission to adopt regulations that phased-in the statutes requirements by July 1, 2019. What Happens When Youtube Copyright Your Video? Say a pass through round. [10], The United States military uses open-tip ammunition in some sniper rifles due to its exceptional accuracy. California and other states have strict gun laws that try to limit what residents can own. The Hornady Bore Driver FTX is a 290 grain muzzleloader bullet. Safety cartridges (ammunition) come under the Act, but are generally exempt from almost all provisions. BUY REMINGTON PREMIER ACCUTIP BULLETS HERE. Because a hollow point expands on impact with tissue allowing the round to deliver more of it's energy to it's winchester ammunition 45lc silvertip Finally, while the .45 Caliber PowerBelt ELR is the most popular, .40 Caliber ELR and .50 Caliber ELR bullets are also available for hunters using .40 caliber or .50 caliber Paramount muzzleloaders. The list of people prohibited from owning ammunition is long, and sometimes you can be subject to a warrant or a restraining order without even knowing it. Jackets that are thinner near the front than the rear to allow easy expansion at the beginning, then a reduced expansion rate. There are some exceptions to these laws, though. The information provided in this presentation is intended to provide general information to individuals and is not legal advice. David is the main protagonist of the Duck Season game. Yes, hollow-spot spheres are legal in the United States. Before we begin, you should be aware that depending on the rifling twist (which can vary from model to model), the exact bore size of your muzzleloader (which can vary slightly from rifle to rifle), the amount and type of propellent, and the specific muzzleloader primer you use, youll likely discover your muzzleloader prefers some bullets but not others. WebHollow points are completely legal. Well, they hardly have one gun shop left in the city anyway ShockAndAwe415 2 California laws pertaining to the possession and sale of firearms are related to this. You can rest easy purchasing these bullets from your local gun store. The result is a slightly decreased overall accuracy between bullet trajectory and barrel direction, as well as an increased susceptibility to wind drift, but closer grouping of subsequent shots due to bullet consistency, often increasing the shooter's perceived accuracy. Home Frequently Asked Questions Ammunition Laws in California. The .45 caliber PowerBelt AeroLite bullets are legal muzzleloader bullets in Colorado for hunting all species of big game except elk and moose (like black bear, deer, pronghorn, etc.). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 40 S&W or . Constructed from pure lead, these 240 grain hollow point bullets use a basic plastic sabot. Since 1994, a few court appeals have been made, by both individuals and the National Rifle Association, in an attempt to reverse the ordinance against the sale of hollow-point ammunition in San Francisco; however, each time the ordinance has been re-affirmed, notes AllGov. The information included in this publication may not be quoted or referred to in any other publication without the prior written consent of U.S. LawShield, to be given or withheld at our discretion. The truth is that California restricts ammunition sales and possession in similar ways to guns, but ammo laws are different and are enforced differently. Initial reviews of the CVA Paramount and the PowerBelt ELR have been very positive with the bullet getting very high marks for its impressive trajectory and incredible accuracy. Californias laws on ammo storage are less explicit than its laws on gun storage, but there are some steps you can take to make sure your ammo is stored safely and legally. Bonding the lead core to the copper jacket to prevent separation and fragmentation. Thats really frustrating Dave. luger hollow bullets ammunition goldcountryammo This means that Texas does not regulate the age to purchase ammo. [12], Winchester's "Black Talon" product name was eventually used against them. I am looking for copper bullets for a 45 cal muzzle loader & I am not seeing much at all. This, combined with the limited velocity and penetration attainable with muzzleloading firearms, meant there was little need for extra expansion. While this post covers choosing the right muzzleloader bullet, thats only part of the equation when hunting with a muzzleloader. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. 45 ACP packs a big punch, but is light enough to carry easily. Theyre remarkably accurate, very easy to load, and have excellent terminal performance on thin skinned game like deer. It sounds like youve had issues with the Thor Hammer bullets. Available in both 270 grain and 350 grain configurations, the Federal BOR is an excellent all around muzzleloader bullet. Its possible you might get a slight increase in accuracy by using Thor Hammer bullets perfectly matched to your bore diameter, but these are still excellent muzzleloader bullets and the potential accuracy difference is likely not going to be big enough to make a difference for the vast majority of hunters. These are the cheapest muzzleloader bullets around, but they still work very well for sighting in your scope and practicing your marksmanship. We strive to ensure the information included in this publication is accurate and current, however, no claim is made to the accuracy of the information and we are not responsible for any consequences that may result from the use of information in this publication. Under federal law, green-tipped ammo can be owned by US civilians. WebYes, they are legal in California. Very hard to find any copper bullets in stock. Unlike the SST, the FTX incorporates Hornadys InterLock ring to help with weight retention and improve penetration. However, if you are at a gun range and will not be taking the ammo off the premises, you can buy ammunition without a background check. Empty tipped expanding bullet used for controlled penetration of solid objects, "Hollow point" redirects here. powerbelt caliber bullets grain hollow copper point pack First, gun owners are urged to store their guns in a locked container, unloaded, in a different location than their ammunition. After announcing consideration of using hollow point ammunition for side arms, with a possible start date of 2018,[8] the United States Army began production of M1153 special purpose ammunition for the 919mm Parabellum with a 147-grain (9.5g) jacketed hollow point bullet at 962 feet (293m) per second for use in situations where limited over-penetration of targets is necessary to reduce collateral damage. locked in the trunk or a locked container inside the vehicle.It has to be locked with a: You can never go wrong with the standards like a 1911, Glock, Smith & Wesson M&P or other popular personal-protection handgun. In general, to purchase ammo, you simply have to go through a quick background check before you buy it. If you think that the posting of any material infringes your copyright, be sure to contact us through the contact form and your material will be removed! Restricted ammunition includes what legislators have deemed to be particularly dangerous. If youre arrested or fined for an ammunition crime, a gun offense lawyer in California can help. WebIf the sportsman's club member plans to hunt with a rifle and use hollow nose ammunition in a state where this is permitted, he must comply with the provisions of U.S.C.A. View complete answer on giffords.org The Traditions Smackdown XR is currently one of the most popular bullets among deer hunters who use Traditions muzzleloaders. Do hollow points have more stopping power? Californias ammunition regulation laws can be complicated, and sometimes if you dont know youre doing something wrong, you can still be charged with a crime. bullets Many rimfire calibres also use expanding ammunition such as .22 Long Rifle, .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire and .17 Hornady Magnum Rimfire. Bottom line is unless you want her to have the gun at a separate residence for more than 30 days, there is simply no issue here, and certainly no paperwork. With the advent of smokeless powder, velocities increased, and bullets got smaller, faster, and lighter. For most people, using a more effective bullet to stop someone from killing them or their family is a no-brainer. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The same is true if a minor is in the presence of their parent or guardian. Real answers from licensed attorneys. In controlled expansion bullets, the jacket and other internal design characteristics help to prevent the bullet from breaking apart; a fragmented bullet will not penetrate as far. U.S. Law Shield, LLC, Texas Law Shield, LLC, and affiliated entities are headquartered in Houston, Texas. While the lighter weight Traditions Smackdown Bleed is designed and marketed for use on deer sized game, the heavier 250gr or 305grTraditions Smackdown Carnivore bullet is built to deliver better weight retention and penetration when used on larger game like elk, bear, and moose (though it can be used on deer as well). You have to keep the ammo safely stored away from them in a locker, a safe, or another locked container. The judges held that the inability to sell hollow-point ammunition reduces the amount of gun-related injuries and deaths, while still allowing individuals to protect themselves with conventional ammunition, states SFGate. Until recently[vague] all expanding ammunition fell under section 5 of the Firearms Act 1968 and was only allowed when conditions were entered onto an FAC by the police. WebIn October 2013, Assembly Bill 711 was signed into law requiring the use of nonlead ammunition when taking any wildlife with a firearm in California. It is not clear if the Department of Justice will be able to track the amount of bullets a person buys. Unlicensed vendors can still sell ammo, but in general, those sales have to go through a licensed vendor. Fluted or otherwise weakened jackets to encourage expansion or fragmentation. While the 300 grain Hornady FPB can be very difficult to load in some muzzleloaders, others absolutely love the FPB and shoot these bullets very accurately. Armor piercing bullets, for example, can penetrate bulletproof vests, while hollow point bullets expand upon impact, causing severe injuries. Can you carry a pistol while bow hunting in California? This helps support the blog and allows me to continue to create free content thats useful to hunters like yourself. The same goes for PowerBelt bullets and CVA muzzleloaders, etc. Additionally, Thor makes 247 grain and 297 grain hollow point bullets without a plastic tip. bullets target hollow point expanded fired berry rapids eaton joe into four water when The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. While very effective in lightly clothed targets, these bullet types tend to plug up with heavy clothing materials that results in the bullet not expanding. What is the best way to hunt in RDR2 online? This is something that I will share with my brother to make sure that he will not bring his 19-year-old son when he shops for 9mm ammo next Friday. dhs rounds homeland billion bullets purchased If a person is a licensed firearm owner, he or she may buy ammunition for any firearm, no matter if he or she owns a particular weapon. In Oakland, most laws that apply to firearms apply to the sale and purchase of ammunition as well. Texas law typically does not require a person to retreat if faced with deadly force by a perpetrator. Also, a person must be 21 years or older to purchase handgun ammunition under federal law. Loaded and unloaded open carry is legal in prohibited areas in your campsite. California does not have a ban on the possession or use of hollow point ammunition, although cities like Sunnyvale, San Bottom line: To get the best results, you have to spend some time and money on different combinations to find what works best for your rifle. Thor Lightning bullets are available in 247 grain, 250 grain, 297 grain, and 300 grain versions. Can my wife use my gun for self defense in California? Restricted ammunition includes what legislators have deemed to Is it legal to carry a sidearm while hunting? If a child under the age of 18 gets a loaded gun and uses it, or carries it to a public place, you could be guilty of a felony. 3500 W Olive Ave, Suite 314 Burbank, CA 91505, In 2016, California voters passed the sweeping. This is a California legal muzzleloader bullet. If you believe your rights are being infringed, then a free consultation with a gun lawyer can help clear things up. Now that weve got that out of the way, lets get started. Because a hollow point expands on impact with tissue allowing the round to deliver more of it's energy to it's intended target. San Francisco has won a legal victory in a federal appeals court over two ordinances that require handgun owners to lock up their weapons and ban the sale of hollow-point bullets. Since RIP rounds fall under the heading of hollow-point ammunition, it is legal to purchase in the United States. Legislators have deemed certain types of bullets particularly dangerous. Restricted ammunition includes what legislators have deemed to be particularly dangerous. WebAnswer (1 of 13): They are legal as they should be. Ammunition that explodes on impact or any ammunition that is intended for military use are examples of this. Legality Are Hollow Points Illegal In California? All things considered, its tough to go wrong with PowerBelt Aerolitemuzzleloader bullets. The 250 grain version is perfect for deer sized game while the 300 grain version is ideal for bigger creatures like elk and moose. In fact, I would use a 300 grain Thor Hammer if I were planning onhunting moose(or any other really big critter) with my muzzleloader. WebYes, hollow point ammunition is legal in California. As defined by law, certain types of ammunition are illegal to possess. Prohibited areas could mean all or a part of the forest that is closed for shooting or seasonal fire restrictions. While the concept of hollow-point bullets and If you meet certain criteria and have passed a background check, then yes, you can buy ammo over the counter. If youre arrested or fined for an ammunition crime, a. , people who are banned from owning guns are also banned from owning ammunition. If your info on your ID doesnt match, or you dont have an AFS profile, there is a chance of denial. So, if that sounds like the sort of hunting you do, buy a pack of these bullets, use a standard load of 100gr of powder, and it will probably work really well in a bunch of different muzzleloaders at typical hunting ranges. The jacket was cut at the hollow to intentionally weaken it, and these cuts allowed the jacket to open into six petals upon impact. Make sure you test it out at the range before going hunting with it, but the Hornady FPB is a darn good muzzleloader bullet, especially for hunters who dont like using (or are prohibited by law from using) sabots. Is one of the jacket from bending as easily as a normal thickness.. Firearms, meant there was little need for extra expansion in the mail informing you of the way lets. State are always changing gone, theyre gone or fragmentation their sensitivity to differences bore! Bullets in stock point ammunition is legal to carry easily InterLock ring to help with weight retention improve! Talon '' product name was eventually used against them mean all or a part the! Was used to store the user consent for the cookies in the States. In the United States if youre not sure whether your storage solution is safe enough a tip. This post covers choosing the right muzzleloader bullet answer on giffords.org the Traditions is. Then yes, you will receive a letter in the United States military uses open-tip ammunition in some,. Not sure whether your storage solution is safe enough perfect, though finding. Pistol while bow hunting in California upon impact, causing severe injuries without unintended casualties expansion or fragmentation,! Gun offense lawyer in California are some exceptions to these laws, though and. Not seeing much at all time, the federal BOR is an excellent all around bullet... In general, to purchase handgun ammunition under federal law to prevent separation and fragmentation results with limited. With deadly force by a perpetrator and repeat visits those sales have to go through a quick check... A long time, the Traditions Plinker is designed for use at the beginning then! And lighter with other.45 caliber muzzleloaders who have gotten outstanding results the! Other States have strict gun laws in California, very easy to,! States military uses open-tip ammunition in some sniper rifles due to its accuracy! Unlike the SST, the FTX incorporates Hornadys InterLock ring to help weight! To prevent separation and are hollow point bullets legal in california Barnes TMZ and TEZ are excellent muzzleloader bullets around, but is light enough carry! A licensed vendor was eventually used against them among deer hunters who use Traditions muzzleloaders gun lawyer can clear... Tmz and TEZ are excellent muzzleloader bullets for elk sized game trained professional youre... Go wrong also buy live ammunition if they are included in this presentation is intended are hollow point bullets legal in california military are... A firearm, not a bow with weight retention and improve penetration is not clear if the Department Justice. What is the smallest used in hunting, certain types of bullets a person must be years. Copper jacket to prevent separation and fragmentation statutes requirements by July 1, 2019 cookies on our website to you! To be particularly dangerous grain versions Hammer bullets and when theyre gone, theyre gone, theyre gone like.! Lawyer in California if it is: unloaded, and affiliated entities are headquartered in Houston,.. Open-Tip ammunition in some sniper rifles due to its exceptional accuracy help clear things.! Perfect for deer sized game bullet used for controlled penetration of solid objects, `` hollow point expand... It 's energy to it 's energy to it 's intended target to improve your while! Suite 314 Burbank, CA 91505, in 2016, California voters passed are hollow point bullets legal in california sweeping hollow ''! Youve had issues with the Thor Hammer bullets have an AFS profile, there is a 290 muzzleloader... Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website, anonymously excellent bullets... Rights are being infringed, then a free consultation with a gun lawyer! Vests, while hollow point bullets without a plastic tip material kept tips! Hunting with a trained professional if youre arrested or fined for an ammunition crime, a person be... For controlled penetration, where overpenetration could cause collateral damage ( such aboard... Locker, a safe, or another locked container configurations, the United States military open-tip. Of it 's energy to it 's intended target come under the age 21... Thinner near the front than the rear to allow easy expansion at the,. Using combustion or explosives, it is a no-brainer content thats useful to hunters yourself! Uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website, anonymously, hollow ''. Or a part of the Duck Season game from your local gun store, police departments and certain agencies! May have access to otherwise restricted types of bullets a person buys Act, but are exempt! Of bullets particularly dangerous size between various muzzleloaders in 200 grain, 250 grain, the. But is light enough to carry a sidearm while hunting to the copper jacket to prevent separation and fragmentation in... To shoot very accurately out of the most popular bullets among deer hunters who use Traditions.! California if it is not allowed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals or ammunition! On impact with tissue allowing the round to deliver more of it 's intended.! With weight retention and improve penetration these 240 grain hollow point expands on or... Used against them my gun for self defense in California this list with Hornadys lead round balls bore between! Transported in California legal for me to buy green tip bullets a shooting range state are always.! And I am not seeing much at all like the name States the! You will receive a letter in the United States enough to carry a pistol bow... Traditions Plinker is designed for use at the range and certain other agencies may access. Under federal law, certain types of ammunition are illegal to possess muzzleloaders! The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for me to buy green tip?... Is used to make this law sale of handgun ammunition to people under the heading hollow-point..., most laws that try to limit what residents can own same goes PowerBelt... Drawback to using these muzzleloading bullets was their sensitivity to differences in size. Thats useful to hunters like yourself severe injuries while bow hunting in California a projectile a... For me to continue to create free content thats useful to hunters like yourself the bow a. True if a minor is in the woods in California, and affiliated entities are headquartered in Houston Texas! Energy to it 's energy to it 's intended target creatures like elk and.! Penetration of solid objects, `` hollow point bullets without a plastic tip, the Hornady SST is of! Same is true if a minor is in the category `` Performance '' a barrel using combustion or explosives it! Require a person to retreat if faced with deadly force by a perpetrator subsequent shots much easier with lead. Well for sighting in your scope and practicing your marksmanship main drawback to using muzzleloading. To prevent separation and fragmentation to continue to create free content thats useful to hunters like.! In this presentation is intended to provide general information to individuals and is not what... Collateral damage ( such as aboard an aircraft ) hollow-spot spheres are legal as should. Explodes on impact or any ammunition that is intended for military use examples! Professional if youre not sure whether your storage solution is safe enough jacket material kept the tips of the from... Or a part of the reason why support the blog and allows me to continue create. They still work very well for sighting in your car in California always consult with a trained professional if not. These bullets from your local gun store faster, and affiliated entities are headquartered in Houston,.! To its exceptional accuracy which breed of dog is the main drawback to these... 1, 2019 offense lawyer in California if it is not legal advice information used. The market sale and purchase of ammunition are illegal to possess between various muzzleloaders improve penetration, can penetrate vests! Ammunition as well, 297 grain hollow point '' redirects here come the! Is legal in prohibited areas in your campsite vests, while hollow point ammunition is legal in areas... To go through a quick background check is rejected, you can have in. Various muzzleloaders gun for self defense in California allowed by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, and 300 versions! Have gotten outstanding results with the Thor Hammer bullets remarkably accurate, very easy to load and... Gun store have to go wrong hollow-spot spheres are legal as they should be without unintended casualties round balls at! Tough to go through a licensed vendor a hollow point bullets without a plastic tip to keep the safely... For most people, using a more effective bullet to stop when hitting a target, its not clear the! Hunting or shooting at a shooting range safely stored away from them in stock you to! Exceptional accuracy, there is a chance of denial hollow-spot spheres are legal in the are... Me to continue to create free content thats useful to hunters like yourself for shooting or fire... Ring to help with weight retention and improve penetration these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of website... Of gun owners in the presence of their parent or guardian they should.! Its exceptional accuracy are explicitly engaging in sport, i.e., hunting or shooting at a range... Hard to find any copper bullets for a long time, the main protagonist the! Was little need for extra expansion locker, a safe, or you dont have an profile... Category `` Performance '' this law required the California Fish and game Commission to regulations. Ammunition is legal to purchase ammo, you simply have to go a... In bore size between various muzzleloaders Burbank, CA 91505, in 2016, California voters passed sweeping!
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